3.82). The coronary arteries should be examined properly with crosscutting, perhaps especially among the elderly. Figure 3.12. FT-2, VR images of the six standard views of the skull showing two vertical full-thickness fractures of the body of the left mandible (red arrow) and a full-thickness transverse fracture of the ascending ramus of the right mandible (red arrow). The intense suffusion of the face (see Fig. Sensitivity of thoracic-cavity segmentation as function of the number of seeds n in seed set S per . Function of Diaphragm. Figure 3.41. FT-1, VR image of the posterior thoracic (left) and lumbar (right) vertebrae showing full-thickness fractures of the left and right transverse processes (red arrows). NB: dentition with restorations have been digitally removed because of the metal-streaking artifact this produces in the CT scan. There was an extensive parchment-like abrasion over the hip which measured 35 cm × 15 cm, and ran diagonally from the superior right toward the medial left (Fig. The heart sits within the pericardial cavity. The chest cavity is lined with a serous membrane, which exudes a thin fluid. Figure 3.77. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. Enclosed by the ribs, breast bone and vertebral column, it is the second-largest hollow space of the human body. The right ventricle is the more muscular of the right-sided chambers, but is thin walled compared to its left-sided counterpart. The trachea begins in the neck just below the cricoid cartilage at the level of the 6th cervical vertebrae, descending through the neck and thorax in the midline just anterior to the esophagus. 3.66) and multiple left rib fractures (Fig. It is supplied by the phrenic nerve and plays a vital role in inspiration. Head: There were extensive lacerations extending through the areas of the left cheek, left ear, right cheek, and forehead. Learn. Figure 3.87. The CT scan also identified a full-thickness fracture of the body of the left scapula (Fig. The right pleural cavity is larger than the left because of left-sided displacement of the caudal mediastinal wall. The superior mediastinum extends from the thoracic inlet superiorly to a transverse plane between the sternal angle and the lower border of the 4th thoracic vertebrae inferiorly. 3.97). There was extensive disruption with the left os coxa, which was completely separated from the sacrum (amputation), and a fracture–dislocation of the right os coxa with posterior displacement (Fig. To diagnose lung disease, your physician will listen to you breathe with a stethoscope. The posterior view shows fractures of the left and right transverse processes (red arrows), a fracture of the spinous process of the 9th thoracic vertebra (blue arrow), and a “Smith” fracture of the left facet of the 10th thoracic vertebra (blue arrow). Rib fractures on the right comprised the following: Lateral: full-thickness oblique fracture of the 7th rib. Fracturing of the left humerus comprised a full-thickness transverse fracture of the midshaft with medial displacement of the distal portion of the bone (Fig. Protects and anchors the heart. Rib cage: A set of 24 bones, 12 on each side, that help in the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity to facilitate inhalation and exhalation. Body: Minor cutaneous injuries were noted over the outer aspect of the right breast, the suprapubic region, and the right upper limb (Fig. FT-1, VR image of the superior view of the left 1st rib showing a posterior full-thickness transverse fracture. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. FT-1, anterior view of the torso and upper limbs showing deformity of right forearm and left upper arm as a result of underlying fractures. Comment: The landing surface was nondeformable (concrete floor of garage), and the position of body on impact was unknown as the fall was not witnessed. What is visual communication and why it matters; Nov. 20, 2020. mcnoren. Head: Extensive trauma to the head was noted (Fig. Additionally, there was a superficial laceration 3 cm long located inferior to the left eye. The thoracic cavity can be thought of as a container holding the lungs and heart. FT-6, lateral views of the right (left) and left (right) arms showing bruising and abrasions. In order for the heart to beat and complete its functions, it has an autonomic nervous control facilitated by the sinoatrial node , atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers. The chest cavity expands by the actions of the intrathoracic musculature, innervated from T1 to T11 and the diaphragm innervated by the phrenic nerve (C3–C5). It is more common in… cavity [kav´ĭ-te] 1. a hollow or space, or a potential space, within the body or one of its organs; called also caverna and cavum. Fractures of the right scapula only involved the superior border. The superior mediastinum contains the aortic arch which crosses over the left main bronchus to become the descending thoracic aorta just anterior to the T4 vertebral body. NB: there were a number of healed rib fractures (blue arrows). FT-10, anterior view of the lower limbs showing an abrasion to the right midthigh and multiple small bruises to both thighs. The macaque's thorax is more elongated craniocaudally than the dog's thorax. Figure 3.29. Figure 3.90. The thoracic spine is composed of 12 vertebrae sharing intervening intervertebral discs and connected posteriorly and bilaterally via facet joints. There were also multiple fractures of the left clavicle, with inferior displacement of the acromial end (Fig. FT-5, VR image of the anterior view of the femora showing a comminuted butterfly fracture with displacement of the right femur (red arrow) and a comminuted segmental fracture of the left femur (red arrows). FT-1, sagittal reconstruction of the neck (left) and VR image of the superior view (right) of the 7th cervical vertebra showing a laminar fracture of the spinous processes and a burst fracture of the body (red arrows). The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Information from CT: Postmortem CT showed fracturing of the skull, ribs, scapulae, left clavicle, right radius, thoracic vertebrae, pelvis, and left femur and tibia. Information from CT: Postmortem CT confirmed there was extensive fracturing of the cranial and post-cranial skeleton. The first is to provide protection and support to the body’s vital organs. Circumstances: The individual jumped from a 3  m high retaining wall. Irregularities of the paravertebral mediastinal stripe on the frontal projections are considered an abnormal finding and are usually caused by mediastinal lymphadenopathy (Silverman and Morgan, 1980a). 3.44). The left scapula showed a transverse fracture of the neck with displacement, in addition to comminuted fracturing of the body and superior spine. NB: left rib fractures are particularly extensive. The adult rhesus macaque thorax is wedge-shaped, deep sagitally, and broader dorsally than ventrally. Lateral: full-thickness transverse fracture of the 3rd rib and full-thickness oblique fractures of the 4th to 6th ribs. FT-5, anterior (left) and posterior (right) views of the chest showing parallel, diagonal abrasions and extensive confluent abrasions with splitting of the skin exposing bowel loops and muscles. There was an abrasion to the left cheek measuring 6 cm × 5 cm with associated bruising. NB: dentition with restorations was digitally removed because of the metal-streaking artifact this produces in the CT scan. FT-7, anterior view of the left knee showing an abrasion and two parallel, linear bruises. FT-7, posterior views of the head showing a laceration in the left occipitoparietal region (left) associated with underlying cranial fractures (right). Figure 3.15. FT-4, axial (left) and sagittal (right) reconstructions of the 7th thoracic vertebra showing a lateral flexion burst fracture (red arrows). 3.49). The parietal pleurae overlying the segmental vessels are swept away with a monopolar coagulator (Fig. The fractures radiated superiorly through the frontal bone and inferiorly through the left orbital margin before termination in the inferior left maxilla (see Fig. There was also an abrasion to the left knee and lower thigh measuring 6 cm × 1.5 cm indicating disruption of the knee and a 7 cm laceration to the left heel (Fig. FT-4, coronal reconstruction of the sternum showing a full-thickness transverse fracture of the body of the manubrium (red arrow). Posterior: full-thickness oblique fractures of the 5th to 7th ribs, full-thickness transverse fractures of the 8th to 9th and 11th to 12th ribs, and a greenstick transverse fracture of the 10th rib; Lateral: full-thickness transverse fractures of the 1st to 2nd and 8th ribs; Anterior: full-thickness transverse fractures of the 2nd to 4th, 6th to 7th and 9th ribs, full-thickness oblique fractures of the 5th and 11th ribs, and a greenstick oblique fracture and a transverse fracture of the 8th rib. There was also extensive bruising and abrasions along the entire length of the lateral aspect of the right leg (Fig. Figure 3.80. FT-9, VR image of the anterior left clavicle showing an oblique fracture of the acromial end. 3.58). Fractures were linear and involved diastases of the major cranial sutures, which resulted in displacement of the cranial vault and facial bones on the left and posterior aspects of the skull. 3.11). FT-6, coronal (left) and sagittal (right) reconstructions of the sternum showing a full-thickness oblique fracture of the sternal body (red arrows). Function of Thoracic Cavity. Fractures are full-thickness, which resulted in extensive fragmentation of the vault with displacement, particularly on the right side. • Thoracic cavity (cont.) FT-8, sagittal reconstruction of the 3rd thoracic vertebra showing a compression fracture of the body (red arrow). Posterior: full-thickness oblique fractures of the 1st to 6th and 9th to 10th ribs; Lateral: greenstick oblique fractures of the 3rd to 6th ribs. Dawn Adamson, in Basic Science in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Fourth Edition), 2010. 3.9). 3.62), and upper limbs (Fig. FT-4, VR images of the anterolateral view of the bones of the right lower limb (left) and anterior view of the bones of the left lower limb (right). Figure 3.27. The thin-walled right atrium receives venous return from the superior and inferior vena cava and pumps this across the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle. Methods: Thirty-four patients with kyphosis underwent posterior deformity correction with instrumented fusion. FT-1, VR images of the six standard views of the skull showing extensive comminuted fracturing involving the cranial vault, face, and mandible. 3.99). A fresh thrombus could explain why the accident happened. The lacerations were associated with gross compound fracturing of the facial skeleton (Fig. Circumstances: The individual jumped from a cliff approximately 45 m high. 3.18) and multiple fractures of the right ribs (Fig. Rib fractures on the left comprised the following: Figure 3.25. Associated with this laceration was extensive skull fracturing and crepitus of the facial bones consistent with underlying fractures. The thoracic cavity is coated with a serous membrane, which exudes a thin serum or fluid. The thoracic cavity also contains the esophagus, which transports food and liquids from the throat to the stomach. In the lower limbs, there was amputation of the left hindquarter (Fig. Figure 3.63. The thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm, is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity. FT-7, posterior lateral view of the left lower back showing a bruise/abrasion with deformity of the underlying left pelvic bones. The thoracic cavity protects and holds the lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, endocrine glands, thoracic aorta and the pulmonary artery. Body: There were scattered areas of senile purpura bruising present around the back of the hands and forearms (Fig. FT-4, VR images of the anterior (left) and lateral (right) left proximal humerus showing a fracture of the neck (red arrow) and comminuted fracturing of the lateral aspect of the head (red arrow). FT-4, anterior medial view of the lower limbs showing a laceration to the right ankle and bilateral abrasions. 6. Information from CT: Postmortem CT confirmed fracturing of the acromial end of the left clavicle. 3.38). 3 mmHg less than atmospheric pressure. Note that the chest line is more posteriorly placed than the axillary line; this more posterior placement of the ports allows better visualization of the sympathetic nerves and eliminates the need to insert a fourth port to retract the lung. All tissue layers should be closed with the appropriate sutures. The thoracic cavity enclosed by the thoracic wall and the diaphragm is subdivided into 3 major compartments: A left and a right pleural cavity, every encompassing a lung. thoracic cavity synonyms, thoracic cavity pronunciation, thoracic cavity translation, English dictionary definition of thoracic cavity. The right limb shows an oblique fracture of the proximal fibula shaft, oblique fractures of the distal fibula and tibia shafts with displacement, and articular fracturing of the distal tibia (red arrows). The diaphragm is a muscular sheet of skeletal muscle attaching to ribs, costal cartilages, and vertebrae peripherally, and to a central tendon medially. FT-7, VR images of the left lateral (left), posterior (middle), and right lateral (right) rib cage showing bilateral fracturing of the posterior, lateral, and anterior aspects of the ribs (red arrows). FT-9, axial reconstructions of the 2nd thoracic vertebra (top left), 3rd thoracic vertebra (top right), 5th thoracic vertebra (bottom left), and 6th thoracic vertebra (bottom right) showing fractures of the left transverse processes (red arrows). Postmortem toxicology detected diazepam, quetiapine, and zuclopenthix (antipsychotic and anxiolytic medication). Pulls down to expand the lungs. Figure 3.91. 3.35). The CT scan also showed a full-thickness fracture of the left transverse process of the 1st thoracic vertebra (Fig. Comment: The landing surface was nondeformable (balcony floor), and the individual was fully clothed. 3.82). In some deaths important internal changes may be overlooked or not emphasized enough by the dissecting procedure. The arteries should be decalcified if necessary. The pond fracture comprised extensive radiating linear and concentric fractures involving multiple bones of the cranial vault and diastatic fractures primarily involving the coronal and squamosal sutures of the vault. A few examples can be mentioned here. Fracturing of the 10th rib was comminuted; Lateral: full-thickness oblique fractures of the 2nd to 5th and 9th ribs and full-thickness transverse fractures of the 6th to 7th ribs; Anterior: full-thickness oblique fractures of the 2nd to 9th ribs. On the right lateral distal thigh, there was a 5 cm × 4 cm bruise (Fig. The ventral cavity is a human body cavity that is made up of the superior thoracic cavity and the inferior abdominopelvic cavity. Define thoracic cavity. The right dome of the diaphragm is typically higher than the left. 3.5). The thoracic cavity contains a critical system of vessels and arteries that transport blood between the heart and lungs. Table V benchmarks the method’s computation time for the three test CT scans, using the Dell Precision T5500 workstation mentioned previously. 3.28). 3.77). The overall skeletal fracture pattern was consistent with a fall from a height (Petaros et al., 2013), and the location of fractures suggest the individual impacted the ground left-side first (Goonetilleke, 1980). Figure 3.92. Enlarged thoracic aorta Figure 3.7. Cause of Death: Injuries sustained in a fall from a height. FT-7, VR images of the posterior (left) and anterior (right) thoracic vertebrae. You are expected to have exhausted all possibilities in attempting to locate structures before asking for assistance. 3.87). Traumatic dissection of the coronary arteries and carotid arteries can occur. 3.92) and fractures of the left transverse processes of the 2nd to 3rd and 5th to 6th thoracic vertebrae (Fig. These vertebrae span the large majority of the chest cavity area. The first is to provide protection and support to the body’s vital organs. FT-6, VR image of the lateral view of the 4th and 5th cervical vertebrae (left) and axial reconstructions of the 4th (middle) and 5th cervical vertebrae (right). There were also several abrasions seen on the posterior left wrist. 8 Simple Ways You Can Make Your Workplace More LGBTQ+ Inclusive, Fact Check: “JFK Jr. Is Still Alive" and Other Unfounded Conspiracy Theories About the Late President’s Son. Fracturing of the right forearm comprised comminuted fracturing of the distal radius and a full-thickness transverse fracture of the distal ulna (Fig. These comprised: Figure 3.100. Hemothorax is generally acute and fatal. These ranged in size from 0.5 to 5 cm. The left foot showed full-thickness comminuted fracturing of the calcaneus and a full-thickness longitudinal fracture of the neck of the cuboid (see Fig. Information from CT: Postmortem CT showed left-sided rib fractures (Fig. Each chest tube is left on −20 cm H2O suction initially, with waterseal drainage the following day, and can usually be removed by the second postoperative day. The CT scan also revealed trauma to the left upper limb, Alexandru and So, 2012; Wedel and Galloway, 2014, Helling et al., 1999; Atanasijevic et al., 2005, Anterior Thoracic Diskectomy and Corpectomy, Radiographic Imaging of Nonhuman Primates, Basic Science in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Fourth Edition), Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine (Second Edition), Anterior Approaches to the Thoracic Spine and Thoracolumbar Junction, Respiratory System, Mediastinum, and Pleurae1, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease (Sixth Edition), Diagnostic Pathology: Soft Tissue Tumors (Second Edition), Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Samuel S. Ahn, ... Cecilia K. Wieslander, in, The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. This indicated a high-velocity impact to the back of the head (Kranioti, 2015). Additionally, the right 10th thoracic vertebra had compression of the body with vertical fracturing (see Fig. Following the fall, he was admitted to hospital and died 2 months later. There are two openings of the thoracic cavity, a superior thoracic aperture known as the thoracic inlet and a lower inferior thoracic aperture known as the thoracic outlet. 3.6). Look it up now! The … Figure 3.69. Cause of Death: Multiple injuries sustained in a fall from a height. There was no displacement of the mandible. Causes include rupture of a major blood vessel as a result of severe thoracic trauma (e.g., hit by car); erosion of a vascular wall by malignant cells or inflammation (e.g., aortitis caused by Spirocerca lupi); ruptured aortic aneurysms; clotting defects, including coagulopathies; warfarin toxicity; disseminated intravascular coagulation (consumption coagulopathy); and thrombocytopenia. The esophagus similarly traverses the posterior mediastinum crossing the diaphragm at the level of the T10 vertebrae. 3.75). 3.32). Thoracic aorta begins at the lower border of the fourth thoracic vertebra. FT-9, axial reconstruction of the 1st thoracic vertebra showing a full-thicknes fracture of the left transverse process (red arrow). Cause of Death: Fall from a height into water. The anterior view shows the vertebral fracture–dislocation between the 7th and 8th thoracic vertebrae and the compressed body with fracturing of the 10th thoracic vertebra (red arrows). Figure 3.85. Information from CT: Postmortem CT demonstrated fracturing of the left ribs and vertebrae. Cavities in the body. FT-8, sagittal reconstruction of the left scapula showing a fracture of the body (red arrow). Circumstances: The individual ran and jumped into the path of a train that was pulling into a station. The thoracic cavity showed a full-thickness transverse fracture of the body of the manubrium (Fig. Posterior: full-thickness oblique fractures of the 1st and 3rd to 5th ribs and a greenstick transverse fracture of the 9th rib. There was also fracturing of the scapulae (Fig. The thoracic cavity also contains the esophagus, which transports food and liquids from the throat to the stomach. Figure 3.22. The right os coxa also showed superior and inferior pubic rami fractures and an avulsion fracture of the posterior iliac crest. Rib fractures on the right comprised the following: Figure 3.18. Fractures comprised bilateral superior and inferior pubic rami fractures, bilateral sacroiliac fracture–dislocations, and separation of the left pubic symphysis (Fig. FT-7, VR images of the six standard views of the skull showing a depression fracture of the left occipital-parietal region (red arrow notes point of impact), with extensive radiating linear and diastatic fractures involving all bones of the cranial vault and select bones of the facial skeleton. Gravity. After the hemoclips are applied to both sides, the vessel is cut and retracted. Information from CT: Postmortem CT images showed multiple fractures of the cranial and post-cranial skeleton. FT-4, VR images of the left lateral (left), posterior (middle), and right lateral (right) rib cage showing bilateral rib fractures of the posterior, lateral, and anterior aspects (red arrows). At the center of the thoracic cavity between both pleural cavities lies the mediastinum, which can be further divided into various segments. Heart: muscular and easy to find. 3.56). FT-5, anterior view of the body showing extensive injuries to the torso and upper and lower limbs. Figure 3.8. 3.21). In Diagnostic Pathology: Soft Tissue Tumors (Second Edition), 2016, Slight male predominance in lipomatous SFT, Head and neck, including orbit and intracranial sites, Abdominal cavity, pelvis, retroperitoneum, May arise in subcutaneous or deep soft tissue, Larger tumors may be associated with paraneoplastic hypoglycemia due to production of insulin-like growth factor, Negative margins recommended for histologically malignant SFT, Combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be utilized in malignant SFT, Clinically aggressive tumors often show malignant histologic features, Tumor size > 10 cm and origin at internal/visceral sites associated with poorer outcome, Rarely, histologically benign SFT can recur/metastasize, Therefore, long-term follow-up recommended for all patients with SFT, I. Nordrum, in Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2005. Figure 3.81. Figure 3.34. The thoracic cavity is the chamber of the human body that is protected by the thoracic wall and includes important or-gans such as the heart and lung. The aortic arch gives off the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries, which provide arterial blood supply to the head, neck, and upper limbs. 3.100). On account of the domed shape of the diaphragm, the thoracic wall also offers … Figure 3.39. Bugmann et al.32 reported using 5-mm ultrasonic coagulating shears, which eliminates the chance of injury to the distal nerve from electric current, with good results. Figure 3.93. FT-1, VR image of the posterior view of the left scapula showing linear fractures of the lateral spine (red arrow) and body. The contents of the middle mediastinum include the heart and proximal portion of the great vessels. 3.57). It is the most common malformation of the chest cavity, with an incidence of 1 in 400 births. The pond fracture comprised extensive radiating linear and concentric fractures involving multiple bones of the cranial vault and diastatic fractures primarily involving the coronal and squamosal sutures of the vault (see Fig. A transverse incision of parietal pleura is made along the rib head and disc space to expose segmental vessels. Expiration is passive; the muscles of the diaphragm and chest wall relax, and the elastic recoil of the lung causes the lung and therefore the chest to contract. Information from CT: Postmortem CT confirmed full-thickness linear fractures of the left frontal bone with the point of impact being to the left frontal eminence (Fig. The mediastinum is complete. 3.55). The right lung is usually larger than the left, consisting of three lobes: the right upper, right middle, and right lower lobe. Thoracic cavity definition is - the cavity of the thorax that is bounded below by the diaphragm, is enclosed by the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae, and that contains the heart and lungs. 3.25), and trauma to the thoracic cavity comprised multiple rib fractures, primarily to the left side (Fig. FT-1, right lateral view of the body showing extensive bruising and abrasions to the right hip and entire length of the right leg. FT-5, VR images of the posterior left (left) and right (right) scapulae showing fractures of the spines, processes, bodies, and left neck (red arrows). 3.78). FT-4, VR images of the six standard views of the skull showing extensive comminuted fracturing of the face, mandible, and cranial vault. Figure 3.51. Subsequent mechanical or functional obstruction of the lymphaticovenous junction leads to dilatation and leakage of thoracic, and potentially pulmonary, lymphatics. Nov. 21, 2020. Protection of Vital Organs. There was a full-thickness comminuted butterfly fracture with displacement of the shaft of the right femur and a full-thickness comminuted segmental fracture with displacement of the shaft of the left femur (Fig. At the time the individual was wearing jeans, jumper, and closed footwear. Sensitivity of thoracic-cavity segmentation to the radius of B 4 defining working area ℳ in . Comment: The landing surface was deformable (water), and the individual was wearing a T-shirt, tracksuit pants, and underpants. Vertebral trauma comprised full-thickness fracturing of the body and laminar of the 7th cervical vertebra (Fig. Postmortem toxicology reported an alcohol concentration of 0.13 g/100 mL (approximately three times the legal limit for driving in Australia). FT-10, VR images of the left lateral (left) and posterior (right) rib cage showing fractures of the posterior, lateral, and anterior aspects of multiple ribs (red arrows). CT gives anatomical details on diagnostic regions of interest (ROIs), while PET gives highly specific functional information. There were also bilateral superior and inferior pubic rami fractures, bilateral avulsion fractures of the iliac crests, and an oblique fracture of the distal sacrum. 3.43). Apr 18, 2020 - Explore Zainab Ebrahim's board "thoracic cavity" on Pinterest. The thoracic cavity (or chest cavity) is the chamber of the body of vertebrates that is protected by the thoracic wall (rib cage and associated skin, muscle, and fascia). The posterior mediastinum contents include the descending thoracic aorta and esophagus as described above. 3.2). The position of the body on impact was unknown as the fall was not witnessed. All fractures were full-thickness. Spell. Rib fractures on the left comprised the following: Figure 3.94. On the chest, there was a bruise/abrasion complex over the right midanterior chest. Palpation of the chest revealed bilateral rib fractures. It is in the thoracic cavity that the heart distributes blood for general circulation and the major veins collect and transport blood back to the heart. FT-6, sagittal reconstruction of the 12th thoracic vertebra showing a burst fracture of the body. However, unusual imaging revealed that four thoracic cavity compartments were separated by two deformed ribs extending inferolaterally in bilateral hemithorax (figure 1A). Function. There were abrasions and two parallel linear bruises (tram line) each measuring approximately 30 cm × 1 cm on the anterior left knee and distal thigh (Fig. … function are seen due to the thoracic cavity’s inability to completely empty the lungs.12 Progression in some scoliosis patients results in atelectasis13 from the resulting loss of tidal volume and dead space in the lungs increasing the arterial PCO 2. The thoracic cavity is surrounded by a bony skeleton, with 12 ribs on each side originating from their respective thoracic vertebrae posteriorly and extending anteriorly. 3.80), and a full-thickness transverse fracture of the right distal radius (a so called “Chauffeur” fracture) (Fig. 3.7), a full-thickness fracture of the left distal radius (Fig. The domestic rabbit has no pathology after dissecting thoracic cavity which infected the virus in 55 d. 7. 3.94), and there were multiple rib fractures, particularly to the left side (Fig. FT-1, anterior view of the head showing laceration and displacement of the left cranial vault and facial bones as a result of underlying fractures. Figure 3.5. Figure 3.36. Comment: The landing surface was deformable (water), and the individual was wearing a long skirt, singlet, and shirt. Circumstances: The individual jumped from the 28th floor of an apartment block and fell approximately 84 m. During the fall he struck a lower level balcony, and this resulted in hindquarter amputation before he landed on the road. Anterior: a full-thickness oblique fracture of the 3rd rib and a greenstick oblique fracture of the 2nd rib. FT-6, lateral view of the chest showing a linear abrasion to the right side. circulatory organ heart and major blood vessels. I am very sorry that the video was so blurry and the camera was not focusing. Figure 3.73. T3, T4, and T5 feed into the chest wall and aid in breathing. 3.42). Figure 3.60. A diaphragm physically separates the two cavities the thoracic cavity contains respiratory organs lungs tracheae etc. The largest portion of the intrathoracic volume is occupied by the lungs, each situated within their own pleural cavity. Fractures of the left scapula involved the spine, coracoid, glenoid, and the body. Your well-being and relationships the thoracic cavity is further divided into anterior, middle, a. 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