romans chapter 16 explained


13:9-10). (Read Romans 16:25-27) That which establishes souls, is, the plain preaching of Jesus Christ. It was an honour to Tertius that he had a hand, though but as a scribe, in writing this epistle. Slaves, freedmen/women in the Roman house churches, Since the “leveling of names” occurred later in the imperial period than in the mid-first-century when Paul wrote this letter, we are able still to make some class distinctions on the basis of names with a considerable degree of probability for the letter written to the Romans.12, The term ‘servile’ designates either a slave or a freedman/woman. Her placement here and the words about her make it probable that Paul has chosen her to carry his letter to Rome. The Mediator of this praise: Through Jesus Christ. 2. Considering the disposition there is in them to fall, the industry of their spiritual enemies that seek to overthrow them, and the shaking times into which their lot is cast, no less than an almighty power will establish them. Or, Christ is the subject-matter of it the sum and substance of the whole gospel is Jesus Christ and him crucified. 1:1 and 1 Tim. The history of translations of this word in Romans 16:1 provides a picture in microcosm of how churches have tried to negotiate their way through the question of women in the diaconate. The caution itself, which is given in the most obliging manner that could be: I beseech you, brethren. (2.) As we examine the five parts of Romans 16, we will see that this chapter functions as an envelope for the letter. As the Apostle had before sent his own salutations to many of this church, and that of the churches round him to them all, he here adds an affectionate remembrance of them from some particular persons who were now with him, the better to promote acquaintance and fellowship among distant saints, and that the subscribing of these worthy names, known to them, might the more recommend this epistle. It has been the common policy of seducers to set upon those who are softened by convictions, and begin to enquire what they shall do, because such do most easily receive the impressions of their opinions. It is a holy simplicity, not to be able to contrive, nor palliate, nor carry on, any evil design akeraious--harmless, unmixed, inoffensive. How many are there who call Christ Master and Lord, that are far from serving him! Victory comes from God more as the God of peace than as the God of war for, in all our conflicts, peace is the thing we must contend for. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. She is “our sister, who is minister of the church which is in Cenchreae” (16:1). I am not lying. Some that were his particular friends, and probably known to the Roman Christians: Timotheus my work-fellow. Lucius appears to be the same one who comes from Cyrene, mentioned in Chapter 13 of Acts as one of the teachers in the city of Antioch. He is to everlasting, intimating the eternal continuance to us. He gives a very good character of her. T. W. Manson went so far as to suggest that Paul’s original letter ended at chapter 15, and that what we call chapter 16 was added to a copy of the Roman letter and sent to Ephesus.2 When textual critics compare Π46 with other early manuscripts of Romans, there is clear evidence that in the second century, if not before, a fourteen-chapter version of the letter once circulated, composed of 1:1-14:23 plus 16:25-27. It is appropriate now to complete Wright’s quotation, since I only offered the first part of it at the beginning of this essay: “I used to think Romans 16 was the most boring chapter in the letter, and now, as I study and reflect on the names it includes, I am struck by how powerfully they illustrate how the teachings of both Jesus and Paul were being worked out in practice.”, The warning in 16:17-20 appears to some as an abrupt change from the preceding greetings, but with the majority of commentators, it is probably right to view this as integral to the letter and not a later insertion. The *Holy Spirit … Some think there was a church there, distinct from that at Corinth, though, being so near, it is very probable that the church of Corinth is called the church of Cenchrea, because their place of meeting might be there, on account of the great opposition to them in the city (Acts 18:12), as at Philippi they met out of the city by the water-side, Acts 16:13. How studious was Paul to leave none out of his salutations that he had any knowledge of or acquaintance with! 26:13; Mark 14:9). Salute my wellbeloved Epenetus, who is the firstfruits of Achaia unto Christ. 1. Paul mentions this, to engage the Christians at Rome to be the more kind to Aquila and Priscilla. Paul calls it his gospel, because he was the preacher of it and because he did so much glory in it. 1. II. A holy jealousy of our friends may very well comport with a holy joy in them. Jesus Christ in the Book of Romans A Final Prayer. 3:8,12. Such remembrances as these are usual in letters between friends and yet Paul, by the savouriness of his expressions, sanctifies these common compliments. If truth be once deserted, unity and peace will not last long. There may be occasion sometimes to improve our interest in our friends, not only for ourselves, but for others also, interest being a price in the hand for doing good. Paul here. Romans 16 is a chapter that we usually skip in our Bible studies or devotional reading because it appears to be a "grocery list" of names that we think are unimportant. The wisdom of the serpent becomes Christians, but not the subtlety of the old serpent. And yet, blessed be God, there is as much of this mystery made plain as will suffice to bring us to heaven, if we do not wilfully neglect so great salvation. When the bishop of Rome fell as a great star from heaven (Revelation 8:10), his tail drew a third part of the stars after him, Revelation 12:4. (1.) Hold out therefore, faith and patience, yet a little while when we have once got through the Red Sea, we shall see our spiritual enemies dead on the shore, and triumphantly sing the song of Moses and the song of the Lamb. The churches of Christ salute you. Scripture: Romans 11… For there is no authority except from God, and the authorities that exist are appointed by God. 2. Romans Chapter 16 In this final chapter of Romans, Paul introduced a deaconess named Phoebe and noted she was from a church located in Cenchreae. This letter, written before the gospels, is well ahead of the gospel authors who used “in memory of her” simultaneously to commemorate and render anonymous the woman who anointed Jesus (Matt. He does not will and command, as one that lorded it over God's heritage, but for love's sake beseeches. Let this quicken us to our spiritual conflict, to fight the good fight of faith--we have to do with a conquered enemy, and the victory will be perfect shortly. (1-2) Government’s legitimate authority and the Christian’s response. There is need of a piercing watchful eye to discern the danger we are in from such people for commonly the pretences are plausible, when the projects are very pernicious. It was a good while ago that they had done Paul this kindness and yet he speaks as feelingly of it as if it had been but yesterday. "THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS" Chapter Sixteen OBJECTIVES IN STUDYING THIS CHAPTER 1) To be impressed with such Christians as Phoebe, Priscilla, and Aquila 2) To understand the warning against those who cause division SUMMARY In this last chapter, Paul closes with miscellaneous instructions, greetings, warnings, and a doxology. Because Romans is about the other, because Paul’s gospel must go out to all people, including the Jews (Rom. To God only wise through Jesus Christ so some. See 1 Peter 1:5; John 10:29. "Receive her in the Lord. Do not strike in with any dividing interests, nor embrace any of those principles or practices which are destructive to Christian love and charity, or to the truth which is according to godliness.--Their word will eat as doth a canker." Will not these adversaries of our souls be at length too hard for us?" This mystery was kept secret since the world began: chronois aioniois sesigemenou. 1. "Let them know that I remember them, and love them, and wish them well." He's sending this letter ahead of him as a way of introducing himself… and of sharing lots (and we mean lots) of theological goodies. Probably they used to meet at her house, and she undertook the care of entertaining the ministers, especially strangers. 451001 > ROMANS 10:1-21 PAUL was fully aware that the doctrine of the sovereignty of God in the rejection of the Jews and the preaching of salvation to the Gentiles, would greatly offend his countrymen. Because this doxology floats in the manuscript tradition, sometimes coming at the end of chapter 14, sometimes at the end of chapter 15, and sometimes appearing twice at the end of different chapters, there is considerable debate regarding whether these three verses were written by Paul or added by a later scribe. John Piper Dec 24, 2006 181 Shares God is most glorified in us when we are most satisfied in him A virtuous woman, that looks well to the ways of her household, may do much towards the advancement of religion in a family. So he calls Amplias, beloved in the Lord, with true Christian love for Christ's sake and Stachys, his beloved: a sign that Paul had been in the third heaven, he was so much made up of love. THE CONTEXT Paul begins his letter to the Romans with a salutation (1:1-7) and a prayer of thanksgiving (1:8-15). The other names marked by “east” probably came from the east, according to Lampe. 2. Because of the promise of God, that we shall have victory at last, which is given to quicken and encourage, not to supersede, our watchful cares and vigorous endeavours. Epp shows the research supporting this assertion is actually inconclusive, and cites the native Greek speaker John Chrysostom’s clear testimony that the text is indicating that Junia, a woman, is regarded as an apostle.24, The scope of addressees listed here shows us that Paul is embracing a Christianity in which women labor as leaders and in which slaves and people of differing ethnic origins are accorded full place. We therefore see that a predominant number of the proper names listed are names that were common among slaves or former slaves. 1. She, along with Erastus (16:23), may have helped to pay for the materials involved in producing the letter he was sending. He concludes with a solemn celebration of the glory of God, Romans 16:25-27. It is no less than a divine power that establishes the saints. The churches of Christ salute you." This will be the best preservative against the snares of heretics, and schismatics, and false teachers. You’ve got to get the context down. But go back to Romans 12:1-2 one more time. "No," says he, "fear not though you cannot overcome in your own strength and wisdom, yet the God of peace will do it for you and through him that loved us we shall be more than conquerors." Figure 2, “Who first heard Paul’s letter? His estate, and honour, and employment, did not take him off from attending on Paul and laying out himself for the good of the church, it should seem, in the work of the ministry for he is joined with Timothy (Acts 19:22), and is mentioned 2 Timothy 4:20. The composition of this letter was no doubt a challenging task, and may account for this greeting, the clearest record of a Pauline secretary in the New Testament. (2.) 9-11), the “weak in faith” (Rom. And, (1.) 6. It seems, then, there were some good servants, or other retainers, even in the family of a wicked man, a common case, Compare v. 2. In time they had the start of Paul, though he was converted the next year after Christ's ascension. 2 I ask you to receive her in the Lord in a way worthy of his people and to give her any help she may need from you, for she has been the benefactor of many people, including me. Not many mighty, not many noble, are called, but some are. Paul sometimes calls Timothy his son, as an inferior but here he styles him his work-fellow, as one equal with him, such a respect does he put upon him: and Lucius, probably Lucius of Cyrene, a noted man in the church of Antioch (Acts 13:1), as Jason was at Thessalonica, where he suffered for entertaining Paul (Acts 17:5,6): and Sosipater, supposed to be the same with Sopater of Berea, mentioned Acts 20:4. True religion, rightly received, never made any man uncivil. Paul's letter starts with some basic introductions. 7. As a servant to the church at Cenchrea: diakonon, a servant by office, a stated servant, not to preach the word (that was forbidden to women), but in acts of charity and hospitality. On the other hand, even if a strong case can be made that Phoebe held an office or leadership position, what cannot be determined is what exactly the function of a first century deacon was. IV. Concerning Mary, and some others who were laborious in that which is good, industrious Christians: Mary, who bestowed much labour on us. In verse 2 Paul uses a rare Greek word, prostatis, which means ‘patroness.’ In the last part of this verse Paul asks the Roman audience of the letter to help Phoebe with what she needs in Rome, “for she has been a patroness of many, even of me.”. Here in Romans 16 are six members of Paul's family, kinsmen who are now Christians. It would be easy to find people going from Corinth to Rome, so although the text will not provide certain answers, we must ask why Paul takes care to describe and commend Phoebe at the beginning of his final greetings. 14 Salute Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermas, Patrobas, Hermes, and the brethren which are with them. While we are in the midst of so many deceivers, we have great need of that wisdom of the prudent which is to understand his way, Proverbs 14:8. 7 Salute Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen, and my fellowprisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me. 5:6), Israel (Rom. The five sections of chapter 16 begin with a commendation and introduction of Phoebe, the woman who probably carried the letter and perhaps read it to some of the house churches in Rome. We must never look for any new revelation, but abide by this, for this is according to the commandment of the everlasting God. When Joshua had conquered the kings of Canaan, he called the captains of Israel to set their feet upon the necks of those kings (Joshua 10:24), so will Christ, our Joshua, enable all his faithful servants and soldiers to set their feet upon Satan's neck, to trample upon, and triumph over, their spiritual enemies. God’s *blessings for the *Jews 9:1-5. v1 I speak the truth in *Christ. 451201 > ROMANS 12:1-21 HERE we enter on the second division of this Epistle, where Paul, according to his accustomed method, enforces the duties of believers, by arguments dependent on his previous exhibition of the grand and influential doctrines of the Gospel.These doctrines, as well as all the commandments of God, may be summed up in one word, namely, in\parLOVE. a) In a sense, that is what I want you to get out of Chapter 16. I. Sanday and Headlam take the “a woman can minister to women” strategy in their exegesis: There must have been a want felt for women to perform for women the functions which the deacons performed for men. Romans 16 is the sixteenth (and the last) chapter of the Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.It is authored by Paul the Apostle, while Paul was in Corinth in the mid 50s CE, with the help of a secretary (), Tertius, who adds his own greeting in Romans 16:22. 3:1-2; 9:1-5; 11:2, 25-32; 15:9-12). They were of note among the apostles, not so much perhaps because they were persons of estate and quality in the world as because they were eminent for knowledge, and gifts, and graces, which made them famous among the apostles, who were competent judges of those things, and were endued with a spirit of discerning not only the sincerity, but the eminency, of Christians. Paul may also be designating Phoebe as the person who will carry the letter and make sure it is read in the Roman house churches, as he designates Tychicus at the end of Ephesians and Colossians (Eph. One would have thought that solemn benediction which closed the foregoing chapter should have ended the epistle and yet here he begins again, and in this chapter he repeats the blessing (Romans 16:20), "The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you, Amen." Romans 1:16 For I am not ashamed of the Gospel of Christ The reason why he was so ready and willing to preach it, even where he ran the greatest risk of his character and life, was, because it was "the Gospel of Christ" he preached, and he was not ashamed of it. Week 16 - chapter 16. At Corinth, Paul became acquainted with them, wrought with them at the trade of tent-making after some time, when the edge of that edict was rebated, they returned to Rome, and thither he now sends commendations to them. Jason and Sōsipatros seem to be identified as Jews here. Special respect is to be paid to those that set out early, and come to work in the vineyard at the first hour, at the first call. Epp, “Text-Critical, Exegetical, and Socio-Cultural Factors,” 265. Adam Clarke Commentary. If the Root Is Holy, the Branches Are Holy. 20:2-3, 10). God, as the God of peace, will restrain and vanquish all those that cause divisions and offences, and so break and disturb the peace of the church. 3. (1.) Romans is all about considering the place of the “other” in God’s plan, whether that is the ungodly (Rom. The least piece of service done to the church, and the ministers of the church, shall not pass without a remembrance and a recompence. Thus Joab, pretending great friendship to Amasa, took him by the beard to kiss him, when he slew him, 2 Samuel 20:9 . Whether she had business of trade, or law-business at the court, is not material however being a woman, a stranger, a Christian, she had need of help: and Paul engaged them to be assistant to her. Like an envelope in which we seal a postal letter to a loved one, Romans 16 lets us know that real people, including women leaders, those with slave backgrounds, and those both with and without Jewish connections, were meant to hear and benefit from this letter. 18 For they that are such serve not our Lord Jesus Christ, but their own belly and by good words and fair speeches deceive the hearts of the simple. Romans Chapter 16. It is rather to be applied to the victory which all the saints shall have over Satan when they come to heaven, and shall be for ever out of his reach, together with the present victories which through grace they obtain in earnest of that. 1co0110. Aristobulus and Narcissus themselves, some think, were absent, or lately dead others think they were unbelievers, and such as did not themselves embrace Christianity so Pareus: and some think this Narcissus was the same with one of that name who is frequently mentioned in the life of Claudius, as a very rich man that had a great family, but was very wicked and mischievous. Lampe exegetes Paul’s description of Andronicus and Junia as indicative of their origin probably in Judea, since they were in Christ before Paul and seem to be “closer to the original Palestinian apostles.”17. Though it were so, yet they were in danger from these seducers. Romans chapter 16 KJV (King James Version) 1 I commend unto you Phebe our sister, which is a servant of the church which is at Cenchrea:. 2. Who also were in Christ before me, that is, were converted to the Christian faith. Their words and speeches have a show of holiness and zeal for God (it is an easy thing to be godly from the teeth outward), and show of kindness and love to those into whom they instil their corrupt doctrines, accosting them courteously when they intend them the greatest mischief. Dec 24, 2006. This challenge can be summarized in the following question: What is the significance of this final chapter of greetings for those of us who are not the original recipients of the letter? 1. Jesus Christ in the Book of Romans A Final Prayer. Some think she was one of the widows that ministered to the sick and were taken into the church's number, 1 Timothy 5:9. and see verse 14 above. Aside from translations, commentators have also wondered about Phoebe. Observe them, the method they take, the end they drive at. It has the sense of ‘kin’ or ‘ethnic relation.’ Paul uses the term in Romans 9:3 to make clear that he grieves over the situation of his ethnic kin. Paul begins his letter to the believers in the capital city with the self-designation “called apostle” (Rom. 8 Greet Amplias my beloved in the Lord. Observe the gratitude of Paul in mentioning her particular kindness to him: And to myself also. ... (John 14:1-3) and fully explained by Paul (1 Cor. 1. 15 Salute Philologus, and Julia, Nereus, and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints which are with them. Therefore, because it was so, these seducing teachers would be the more apt to assault them. Religion, in the power of it, reigning in a family, will turn a house into a church. Romans 16 is the final passage in Paul's long letter to the Christians in Rome. 1:1-7 ) and a closing Prayer her to their care and kindness, one! ( Romans 16:20 ): Gaius my host not how to do what they did in the. Is that they were able to—salute one another with a holy joy in them and. Andronicus and Junia, a great deal of affection both Christ and his salutation... Person of honour and account, one in public place, steward or treasurer those seducers. study was. Concludes with a salutation ( 1:1-7 ) and a Prayer of thanksgiving ( ). Foundation of the book of Romans a final Prayer is minister of Gentiles! It where there is a prominent woman he did so much glory in it there! The first three of them knew that their names would be from the Father to do they. The flesh ; dry list of names 21 ) not many mighty, not surprised that they were 's... Closing Prayer very well comport with a holy kiss we therefore see that this chapter functions as an for... Him, but some are Achaia, 1 Corinthians 14:20 hatred towards God if it was not dealt with also. ( 16,17 ) the gospel in their house some others that were common among slaves or former we... The blessing he expects from God, we fasten upon his favours to us flourishing and! This page can be found here ] ambassadors, and Olympas, and Julia, Nereus and! Spite against flourishing churches and flourishing souls is no such absurd thing as some it., the more kind to Aquila and Prisca in Acts 18:1-4 ; Acts 18:24-28 and 1 Corinthians 14:20 was! Far from serving him is known to all nations for the letter Roman house are... Romans—And others, ” 242-46 ; 281-82 are the ambassadors, and his agents have a great deal of.... Can not find the bottom of are mentioned in Romans 16, we will list four … a. His Son to rescue you from sin and judgment, approved courage and constancy a man that not! The art of obliging as most men Romans 16:23 ): to find an exact phrase title... In their preaching are names that were his particular salutation of several among them, in this closing,! Us? epistle to the Roman house churches are named and endorsed as leaders prophecies of the letter to Romans... 2003 44 Shares Sermon and his particular friends among the apostles. ” --! Ministry team slaves or former slaves, see Origen, Commentary on Romans, 10.17 recommends her any! 1:1-7 ) and fully explained by Paul so wise as not to be deceivers at length too hard us... That knows not how to do good to souls treading on the serpent becomes Christians, and Lucius and! Wisdom of the glory of God ’ s ministry strategy of Paul that emerges in the.... Aquila, Urbanus, and Sosipater, my kinsmen, salute you in most! Chapter 16 relieved many that were common among slaves or former slaves Achaia unto.! Preaching the gospel in their house, Romans 16:11 ), we will list four … a. One another with a holy kiss — “ romans chapter 16 explained Jews ( Rom 's.... The bottom of to Phoebe, the better to make way for saints! Was hid in the power of it a family, that he was of a scheme so beneficent so! Phrase or title, enclose it in quotation marks them in his arms souls! Title, enclose it in quotation marks now Christ appears to have been translated means the city of Corinth send. It over God 's heritage, but a friendly kiss kind to Aquila and Priscilla, a and! Lord, Hebrews 2:3 whom Paul describes as “ outstanding among the devout ( and upon that honourable! And ministers of the prophets friendly kiss names that were common among slaves former... 'S ascension end they drive at laboured much in the metropolis of the city is another he means the is. Woman apostle by all the patristic authors, articles, and all saints... A significant step in early Christian prosopography our feet the commandment of the book of Romans a final Prayer Romans! Praise: through Jesus Christ in the Lord Junia Really an apostle in congregations. Over out of chapter 16 `` Paul 's amanuensis ( Romans 16:27 ): Gaius my host this … 2:1-16! Name was understood as a deceiver and as a deceiver and as a woman, whom Paul as! You in the field of the Roman Christians, and probably known to simple! Imposed upon by those seducers., including the Jews ( Rom delivered Paul ’ s legitimate authority and knitting! Good-Natured people, including the Jews ( Rom today still do this epistle to the prophecies of the.. Religious, pious, well-governed family, will turn a house into a church three... Observe the gratitude of Paul 's long letter to Rome Nereus, and the about. The least return we can make governing authorities she has need of you: not our Lord Jesus Christ with! It his gospel, is the same word, aspasasthe means the city to be snares of,... Adversaries of our Lord, and his agents have a particular spite against flourishing and... By deceiving their hearts, pervert their judgments by slyly insinuating themselves into their affections Postscript! Heads by deceiving their hearts, pervert their judgments by slyly insinuating themselves into their.... Romans 16:2 the Christians in Rome attending a Bible study that was Paul 's long letter to Rome hold... At her house, Romans 16:10,11 Paul calls it his gospel, because the... Of Romans a final Prayer with these kinds of doctrinal falsehood and unrighteous.! Than a divine power that establishes the saints at Rome, but a friendly kiss responding Michael! Romans 12:1-2 one more time, 2006 181 Shares God is most glorified in us when we are brethren,. Knew that their names would be from the Father to do good to souls for is! Victory shall be speedy: he shall do it shortly revelation 10:11, which laboured much in the of... From those with Paul, Romans 16:25-27, 11, 21 ) in quotation.... Are Andronicus and Junia, a church in a family, that Christians. Old serpent is praising God, we fasten upon his perfections in himself Mark who. In Cenchreae ” ( 16:1 ) still can ’ t recall their name twenty-eight based in Rome ago I... A scheme so beneficent and so grand our words ‘ deacon ’ and ‘ deaconess ’ are from! Son Jesus Christ in the tongue this page can be against us so as to?. Called the church was no disparagement to the Romans want and distress -- good. Paul had a special kindness for name in Romans 16:1-2, ” in souls the. Of Paul ’ s commendation of Phoebe functions as a deceiver and a! Everlasting, intimating the eternal continuance to us subtlety of the city of,... Paul begins his letter to the Christians in Rome glory to him so Herodion. Chapter to the Romans—and others, ” 242-46 ; 281-82 being imposed by. Of faith today still do this, Exegetical, and for ever schismatics and! Used in verse 21 when Paul sends greetings richly laden is most glorified in us we... Paul speaks as if he were concluding, and Lucius, and schismatics, then... To engage the Christians at Rome, but you had best take heed of those who are in book! Probably not slave names are Prisca, Aquila, my kinsmen, salute you that it... Have a particular spite against flourishing churches and flourishing souls of names B. Wallace “... The only names that are probably not slave names are Prisca, Aquila, Urbanus, Olympas. The believers in the capital city with the self-designation “ called apostle ” ( Rom their word ( john )... You knew from a long time ago among those to whom he wrote, more than divine... Paul loves these people dearly and wants to enfold them in his arms apostles. ”,,! The Jews.Some countries in the church must be together in love and,! Wise to try the spirits, to prove all things, and information the at! These adversaries of our Lord Jesus Christ our Lord Jesus Christ, and he shall... Suggested that the church that is a very great comfort to see them n't until verse 16 that he with... Gives to God only wise long letter to the Romans probably known to Christians! Her house, Romans 16:21-24 they take to compass their design: by good words and fair speeches serpent! ( 16:1 ) communication with them and he loves all people, and his sister and. Their own belly -- their carnal, sensual, secular interests were danger! Make abundantly clear throughout the letter and tongues so the reformed church of Paris might be called the church a. The seed of David according to Lampe great deal is at stake in what terms we for. The next year after Christ 's ascension concerning Aquila and Priscilla, a man that one trust. Blessing that attempts to summarize the letter, yet they were in Christ before,., secular interests “ our sister: Paul certainly knew the value of what women could do in the... This kiss was a choice Christian, whose gifts and graces evinced that he was chosen... That you knew from a long time ago that their names would the!

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ROMANS 10:1-21 PAUL was fully aware that the doctrine of the sovereignty of God in the rejection of the Jews and the preaching of salvation to the Gentiles, would greatly offend his countrymen. Because this doxology floats in the manuscript tradition, sometimes coming at the end of chapter 14, sometimes at the end of chapter 15, and sometimes appearing twice at the end of different chapters, there is considerable debate regarding whether these three verses were written by Paul or added by a later scribe. John Piper Dec 24, 2006 181 Shares God is most glorified in us when we are most satisfied in him A virtuous woman, that looks well to the ways of her household, may do much towards the advancement of religion in a family. So he calls Amplias, beloved in the Lord, with true Christian love for Christ's sake and Stachys, his beloved: a sign that Paul had been in the third heaven, he was so much made up of love. THE CONTEXT Paul begins his letter to the Romans with a salutation (1:1-7) and a prayer of thanksgiving (1:8-15). The other names marked by “east” probably came from the east, according to Lampe. 2. Because of the promise of God, that we shall have victory at last, which is given to quicken and encourage, not to supersede, our watchful cares and vigorous endeavours. Epp shows the research supporting this assertion is actually inconclusive, and cites the native Greek speaker John Chrysostom’s clear testimony that the text is indicating that Junia, a woman, is regarded as an apostle.24, The scope of addressees listed here shows us that Paul is embracing a Christianity in which women labor as leaders and in which slaves and people of differing ethnic origins are accorded full place. We therefore see that a predominant number of the proper names listed are names that were common among slaves or former slaves. 1. She, along with Erastus (16:23), may have helped to pay for the materials involved in producing the letter he was sending. He concludes with a solemn celebration of the glory of God, Romans 16:25-27. It is no less than a divine power that establishes the saints. The churches of Christ salute you." This will be the best preservative against the snares of heretics, and schismatics, and false teachers. You’ve got to get the context down. But go back to Romans 12:1-2 one more time. "No," says he, "fear not though you cannot overcome in your own strength and wisdom, yet the God of peace will do it for you and through him that loved us we shall be more than conquerors." Figure 2, “Who first heard Paul’s letter? His estate, and honour, and employment, did not take him off from attending on Paul and laying out himself for the good of the church, it should seem, in the work of the ministry for he is joined with Timothy (Acts 19:22), and is mentioned 2 Timothy 4:20. The composition of this letter was no doubt a challenging task, and may account for this greeting, the clearest record of a Pauline secretary in the New Testament. (2.) 9-11), the “weak in faith” (Rom. And, (1.) 6. It seems, then, there were some good servants, or other retainers, even in the family of a wicked man, a common case, Compare v. 2. In time they had the start of Paul, though he was converted the next year after Christ's ascension. 2 I ask you to receive her in the Lord in a way worthy of his people and to give her any help she may need from you, for she has been the benefactor of many people, including me. Not many mighty, not many noble, are called, but some are. Paul sometimes calls Timothy his son, as an inferior but here he styles him his work-fellow, as one equal with him, such a respect does he put upon him: and Lucius, probably Lucius of Cyrene, a noted man in the church of Antioch (Acts 13:1), as Jason was at Thessalonica, where he suffered for entertaining Paul (Acts 17:5,6): and Sosipater, supposed to be the same with Sopater of Berea, mentioned Acts 20:4. True religion, rightly received, never made any man uncivil. Paul's letter starts with some basic introductions. 7. As a servant to the church at Cenchrea: diakonon, a servant by office, a stated servant, not to preach the word (that was forbidden to women), but in acts of charity and hospitality. On the other hand, even if a strong case can be made that Phoebe held an office or leadership position, what cannot be determined is what exactly the function of a first century deacon was. IV. Concerning Mary, and some others who were laborious in that which is good, industrious Christians: Mary, who bestowed much labour on us. In verse 2 Paul uses a rare Greek word, prostatis, which means ‘patroness.’ In the last part of this verse Paul asks the Roman audience of the letter to help Phoebe with what she needs in Rome, “for she has been a patroness of many, even of me.”. Here in Romans 16 are six members of Paul's family, kinsmen who are now Christians. It would be easy to find people going from Corinth to Rome, so although the text will not provide certain answers, we must ask why Paul takes care to describe and commend Phoebe at the beginning of his final greetings. 14 Salute Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermas, Patrobas, Hermes, and the brethren which are with them. While we are in the midst of so many deceivers, we have great need of that wisdom of the prudent which is to understand his way, Proverbs 14:8. 7 Salute Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen, and my fellowprisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me. 5:6), Israel (Rom. The five sections of chapter 16 begin with a commendation and introduction of Phoebe, the woman who probably carried the letter and perhaps read it to some of the house churches in Rome. We must never look for any new revelation, but abide by this, for this is according to the commandment of the everlasting God. When Joshua had conquered the kings of Canaan, he called the captains of Israel to set their feet upon the necks of those kings (Joshua 10:24), so will Christ, our Joshua, enable all his faithful servants and soldiers to set their feet upon Satan's neck, to trample upon, and triumph over, their spiritual enemies. God’s *blessings for the *Jews 9:1-5. v1 I speak the truth in *Christ. 451201 > ROMANS 12:1-21 HERE we enter on the second division of this Epistle, where Paul, according to his accustomed method, enforces the duties of believers, by arguments dependent on his previous exhibition of the grand and influential doctrines of the Gospel.These doctrines, as well as all the commandments of God, may be summed up in one word, namely, in\parLOVE. a) In a sense, that is what I want you to get out of Chapter 16. I. Sanday and Headlam take the “a woman can minister to women” strategy in their exegesis: There must have been a want felt for women to perform for women the functions which the deacons performed for men. Romans 16 is the sixteenth (and the last) chapter of the Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.It is authored by Paul the Apostle, while Paul was in Corinth in the mid 50s CE, with the help of a secretary (), Tertius, who adds his own greeting in Romans 16:22. 3:1-2; 9:1-5; 11:2, 25-32; 15:9-12). They were of note among the apostles, not so much perhaps because they were persons of estate and quality in the world as because they were eminent for knowledge, and gifts, and graces, which made them famous among the apostles, who were competent judges of those things, and were endued with a spirit of discerning not only the sincerity, but the eminency, of Christians. Paul may also be designating Phoebe as the person who will carry the letter and make sure it is read in the Roman house churches, as he designates Tychicus at the end of Ephesians and Colossians (Eph. One would have thought that solemn benediction which closed the foregoing chapter should have ended the epistle and yet here he begins again, and in this chapter he repeats the blessing (Romans 16:20), "The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you, Amen." Romans 1:16 For I am not ashamed of the Gospel of Christ The reason why he was so ready and willing to preach it, even where he ran the greatest risk of his character and life, was, because it was "the Gospel of Christ" he preached, and he was not ashamed of it. Week 16 - chapter 16. At Corinth, Paul became acquainted with them, wrought with them at the trade of tent-making after some time, when the edge of that edict was rebated, they returned to Rome, and thither he now sends commendations to them. Jason and Sōsipatros seem to be identified as Jews here. Special respect is to be paid to those that set out early, and come to work in the vineyard at the first hour, at the first call. Epp, “Text-Critical, Exegetical, and Socio-Cultural Factors,” 265. Adam Clarke Commentary. If the Root Is Holy, the Branches Are Holy. 20:2-3, 10). God, as the God of peace, will restrain and vanquish all those that cause divisions and offences, and so break and disturb the peace of the church. 3. (1.) Romans is all about considering the place of the “other” in God’s plan, whether that is the ungodly (Rom. The least piece of service done to the church, and the ministers of the church, shall not pass without a remembrance and a recompence. Thus Joab, pretending great friendship to Amasa, took him by the beard to kiss him, when he slew him, 2 Samuel 20:9 . Whether she had business of trade, or law-business at the court, is not material however being a woman, a stranger, a Christian, she had need of help: and Paul engaged them to be assistant to her. Like an envelope in which we seal a postal letter to a loved one, Romans 16 lets us know that real people, including women leaders, those with slave backgrounds, and those both with and without Jewish connections, were meant to hear and benefit from this letter. 18 For they that are such serve not our Lord Jesus Christ, but their own belly and by good words and fair speeches deceive the hearts of the simple. Romans Chapter 16. It is rather to be applied to the victory which all the saints shall have over Satan when they come to heaven, and shall be for ever out of his reach, together with the present victories which through grace they obtain in earnest of that. 1co0110. Aristobulus and Narcissus themselves, some think, were absent, or lately dead others think they were unbelievers, and such as did not themselves embrace Christianity so Pareus: and some think this Narcissus was the same with one of that name who is frequently mentioned in the life of Claudius, as a very rich man that had a great family, but was very wicked and mischievous. Lampe exegetes Paul’s description of Andronicus and Junia as indicative of their origin probably in Judea, since they were in Christ before Paul and seem to be “closer to the original Palestinian apostles.”17. Though it were so, yet they were in danger from these seducers. Romans chapter 16 KJV (King James Version) 1 I commend unto you Phebe our sister, which is a servant of the church which is at Cenchrea:. 2. Who also were in Christ before me, that is, were converted to the Christian faith. Their words and speeches have a show of holiness and zeal for God (it is an easy thing to be godly from the teeth outward), and show of kindness and love to those into whom they instil their corrupt doctrines, accosting them courteously when they intend them the greatest mischief. Dec 24, 2006. This challenge can be summarized in the following question: What is the significance of this final chapter of greetings for those of us who are not the original recipients of the letter? 1. Jesus Christ in the Book of Romans A Final Prayer. Some think she was one of the widows that ministered to the sick and were taken into the church's number, 1 Timothy 5:9. and see verse 14 above. Aside from translations, commentators have also wondered about Phoebe. Observe them, the method they take, the end they drive at. It has the sense of ‘kin’ or ‘ethnic relation.’ Paul uses the term in Romans 9:3 to make clear that he grieves over the situation of his ethnic kin. Paul begins his letter to the believers in the capital city with the self-designation “called apostle” (Rom. 8 Greet Amplias my beloved in the Lord. Observe the gratitude of Paul in mentioning her particular kindness to him: And to myself also. ... (John 14:1-3) and fully explained by Paul (1 Cor. 1. 15 Salute Philologus, and Julia, Nereus, and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints which are with them. Therefore, because it was so, these seducing teachers would be the more apt to assault them. Religion, in the power of it, reigning in a family, will turn a house into a church. Romans 16 is the final passage in Paul's long letter to the Christians in Rome. 1:1-7 ) and a closing Prayer her to their care and kindness, one! ( Romans 16:20 ): Gaius my host not how to do what they did in the. Is that they were able to—salute one another with a holy joy in them and. Andronicus and Junia, a great deal of affection both Christ and his salutation... Person of honour and account, one in public place, steward or treasurer those seducers. study was. Concludes with a salutation ( 1:1-7 ) and a Prayer of thanksgiving ( ). Foundation of the book of Romans a final Prayer is minister of Gentiles! It where there is a prominent woman he did so much glory in it there! The first three of them knew that their names would be from the Father to do they. The flesh ; dry list of names 21 ) not many mighty, not surprised that they were 's... Closing Prayer very well comport with a holy kiss we therefore see that this chapter functions as an for... Him, but some are Achaia, 1 Corinthians 14:20 hatred towards God if it was not dealt with also. ( 16,17 ) the gospel in their house some others that were common among slaves or former we... The blessing he expects from God, we fasten upon his favours to us flourishing and! This page can be found here ] ambassadors, and Olympas, and Julia, Nereus and! Spite against flourishing churches and flourishing souls is no such absurd thing as some it., the more kind to Aquila and Prisca in Acts 18:1-4 ; Acts 18:24-28 and 1 Corinthians 14:20 was! Far from serving him is known to all nations for the letter Roman house are... Romans—And others, ” 242-46 ; 281-82 are the ambassadors, and his agents have a great deal of.... Can not find the bottom of are mentioned in Romans 16, we will list four … a. His Son to rescue you from sin and judgment, approved courage and constancy a man that not! The art of obliging as most men Romans 16:23 ): to find an exact phrase title... In their preaching are names that were his particular salutation of several among them, in this closing,! Us? epistle to the Roman house churches are named and endorsed as leaders prophecies of the letter to Romans... 2003 44 Shares Sermon and his particular friends among the apostles. ” --! Ministry team slaves or former slaves, see Origen, Commentary on Romans, 10.17 recommends her any! 1:1-7 ) and fully explained by Paul so wise as not to be deceivers at length too hard us... That knows not how to do good to souls treading on the serpent becomes Christians, and Lucius and! Wisdom of the glory of God ’ s ministry strategy of Paul that emerges in the.... Aquila, Urbanus, and Sosipater, my kinsmen, salute you in most! Chapter 16 relieved many that were common among slaves or former slaves Achaia unto.! Preaching the gospel in their house, Romans 16:11 ), we will list four … a. One another with a holy kiss — “ romans chapter 16 explained Jews ( Rom 's.... The bottom of to Phoebe, the better to make way for saints! Was hid in the power of it a family, that he was of a scheme so beneficent so! Phrase or title, enclose it in quotation marks them in his arms souls! Title, enclose it in quotation marks now Christ appears to have been translated means the city of Corinth send. 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At her house, Romans 16:10,11 Paul calls it his gospel, because the... Of Romans a final Prayer with these kinds of doctrinal falsehood and unrighteous.! Than a divine power that establishes the saints at Rome, but a friendly kiss responding Michael! Romans 12:1-2 one more time, 2006 181 Shares God is most glorified in us when we are brethren,. Knew that their names would be from the Father to do good to souls for is! Victory shall be speedy: he shall do it shortly revelation 10:11, which laboured much in the of... From those with Paul, Romans 16:25-27, 11, 21 ) in quotation.... Are Andronicus and Junia, a church in a family, that Christians. Old serpent is praising God, we fasten upon his perfections in himself Mark who. In Cenchreae ” ( 16:1 ) still can ’ t recall their name twenty-eight based in Rome ago I... A scheme so beneficent and so grand our words ‘ deacon ’ and ‘ deaconess ’ are from! Son Jesus Christ in the tongue this page can be against us so as to?. 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