"use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Nobody is more anti-war than an intelligent person who's been to war. In June 1962, Schwarzkopf enrolled at the University of Southern California in a Master of Science in Engineering course studying missile mechanics, graduating in June 1964,[38] with a Master of Science in mechanical and aerospace engineering. He would later push for more policies to make joint warfare, and interservice co-operation standard practice in warfare. More than that, he was a good and decent man and a dear friend. Nicknamed “Stormin’ Norman,” Schwarzkopf was known for being a hard, strategic commander with a temper, but earned much respect by handling the press and diplomats with poise. Wayne A. The public loved his often-humorous depictions of American life. [14][15] His continuous absence made home life difficult, particularly for his wife. The operation was plagued by logistical difficulties, exacerbated by poor communication and lack of co-operation between the branches of the United States military. Schwarzkopf then attended the Valley Forge Military Academy. He led the Pegasus Parade at the Kentucky Derby and was an honorary guest at the Indianapolis 500. Nicknamed "Stormin' Norman" because of his hot temper, Schwarzkopf was known for wearing desert camouflage and for his straight talk during the Persian Gulf War. In January 1952, Schwarzkopf's birth certificate was amended to make his name "H. Norman Schwarzkopf." He frequently met with subordinates and Saudi commanders. That's a very dangerous place for the nation to be when your own army is going to stop and question. While he initially did not think the US should have been involved in the conflict, he later said he considered the mission a success because it reasserted the dominance of the US military after the Vietnam War. Billy the Kid was a late 19th-century thief and gunfighter. The paratroopers took heavy casualties and a second, larger force was required to relieve them. [44] The couple would later have three children: Cynthia, born in 1970; Jessica, born in 1972; and Christian, born in 1977. By August 5, Bush opted for an aggressive response to the invasion. William Seward was a New York governor and U.S. senator before serving as secretary of state under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. He was also a member of the chapel choir. William Howard Taft, the 27th president of the United States, fulfilled a lifelong dream when he was appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court, becoming the only person to have served as both a U.S. chief justice and president. [11][12], Norman Schwarzkopf was described by childhood friends as active and assertive, protective of his sisters and a skilled athlete. "[2][51], During this second tour, Schwarzkopf noted two incidents that haunted him. ", In 1946, when Norman Schwarzkopf was 12, he moved with his father to Tehran, Iran. During the war, he earned several honors for his service there, including three Silver Stars, a Bronze Star and a Purple Heart. [104][105] Schwarzkopf sent a prepared statement to the troops ahead of the first airstrikes, which were timed to hit their targets at 02:40. We strive for accuracy and fairness. He then began making frequent briefings to the media. Schwarzkopf was born Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. on August 22, 1934, in Trenton, New Jersey, to Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf Sr.[2][3] and Ruth Alice (née Bowman). Joseph F. Dunford, Jr. 20. Scott C. Black 5. Some speculated that the popular general might make a bid for public office, but he chose to focus on other interests instead. They were introduced at a West Point football game in 1967 and married the next year. Norman Schwarzkopf, in full H. Norman Schwarzkopf, original name Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr., (born August 22, 1934, Trenton, New Jersey, U.S.—died December 27, 2012, Tampa, Florida), U.S. Army officer who commanded Operation Desert Storm, the American-led military action that liberated Kuwait from Iraqi occupation during the Persian Gulf War (1991). [126], Schwarzkopf endorsed George W. Bush in the 2000 U.S. presidential election and the 2004 U.S. presidential election. [103], The air campaign against Iraq began on January 17, 1991, after 139 days of planning and buildup. [30], In his plebe year, he was given the nickname "Schwarzie," the same as his father, and he was often pushed by older cadets to imitate his father's radio show as a traditional act of hazing. (The "H" stood for Herbert, a name Schwarzkopf senior hated so much he only gave his son the initial.) The two frequently hunted together and developed a close friendship. [92] Through October, Schwarzkopf and his command were occupied with setting up facilities and supply lines for the troops streaming into Saudi Arabia. He declined to measure the success of the campaign by counting suspected Iraqi casualties, believing that would undermine his credibility. [52][53], Returning to the United States in 1970, Schwarzkopf was awarded a third Silver Star and a second Purple Heart for risking his life to protect the soldiers, as well as three Bronze Star Medals and a Legion of Merit for his command performance. [96], Schwarzkopf devised an operational plan, dubbed "Operation Desert Storm," to be based on overwhelming force and strong infantry attacks supported by artillery and armor. At one point, he braved heavy North Vietnamese fire to recover and treat a handful of wounded South Vietnamese soldiers and escort them to safety. [77] Schwarzkopf immediately took to changing the focus of the command, which had focused on the "Zagros Doctrine," a hypothetical ground invasion by the Soviet Union through the Zagros Mountains, which the US would counter in Iran. "[126] In a statement, President Barack Obama said "From his decorated service in Vietnam to the historic liberation of Kuwait and his leadership of United States Central Command, General Schwarzkopf stood tall for the country and Army he loved. He became a general in the late 1970s and served as the deputy commander of the U.S. forces during the 1983 invasion of Grenada. [97] Schwarzkopf believed that more troops would reduce the likelihood of high casualties. Although a medevac was on its way, Schwarzkopf ordered his UH-1 Huey to remove the wounded. WASHINGTON (AP) — Truth is, retired Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf didn't care much for his popular "Stormin' Norman" nickname. Schwarzkopf didn't stay away from military matters completely, however. His frequent short temper with subordinates was well known in his command. However, he refused medical evacuation or to relinquish command until the objective had been captured and so he was awarded a second Silver Star and a Purple Heart. Early Origins of the Schwarzkopf family [108] Bush then gave Hussein an ultimatum to withdraw from Kuwait by 12:00 on February 23 or Schwarzkopf's ground forces would attack. Schwarzkopf's degree did not include a specific major, as was then common among West Point graduates, because he planned a career in the military and wanted a degree of freedom to choose its direction himself. Schwarzkopf went to the famed military academy at West Point where he played on the football and wrestling teams. H. Norman Schwarzkopf KCB (/ˈʃwɔrtskɒf/; 22 August 1934 – 27 December 2012), also known as Norman Schwarzkopf, was a United States Army general. He pushed for offensive combat over defensive operations in the Gulf War. He oversaw the strikes from his war room in Riyadh, emerged from his command center late in the day on January 18 to speak to the press, and said the air war had gone "just about exactly as we had intended it to go." Trudy Clark 14. [89] On December 29, 1990, he received a warning order from The Pentagon to be ready to attack into Iraq and Kuwait by January 17. Schwarzkopf also gained a great respect for certain military leaders at West Point, notably Ulysses S. Grant, William Tecumseh Sherman and Creighton Abrams, believing them excellent commanders who nonetheless did not glorify war. eneral Norman Schwarzkopf who commanded allied forces in the … [107] By January 20 he announced Iraq's nuclear test reactors had been destroyed, and by January 27 he announced that the coalition had total air superiority in Iraq. He led one of the shortest and most decisive military victories in US History. Herbert Schwarzkopf died in 1958. Rising through the ranks after the Vietnam war, he later commanded the 24th Mechanized Infantry Division and was one of the commanders of the Invasion of Grenada in 1983. [11][13] He spent his childhood attached to his father, who subsequently became the narrator for the Gang Busters radio program. Schwarzkopf died on December 27, 2012, at his home in Tampa, Florida. Schwarzkopf, who was given the nickname … [71], He flew into St. George's on the second day of the operation. That year, his command began planning to counter an Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, seeing it as a likely conflict that would threaten the interests of the United States. [80][81] Fearing Iraq would next invade Saudi Arabia, Schwarzkopf ordered contingency plans put in motion, with the 82nd Airborne Division, 101st Airborne Division and 24th Infantry Division put on alert. Lieutenant General Charles Horner, USAF, ran the headquarters in Riyadh. [45] His promotion ceremony occurred at Fort Lewis shortly after he had relinquished command of the brigade. [129] Like German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel and General George S. Patton, Schwarzkopf highly regarded decisiveness and valued determination among his commanders. Bantz J. Craddock 16. Ricks further criticized Schwarzkopf for failing to relieve General Frederick M. Franks Jr. as well as other subordinates who Schwarzkopf said, in his memoirs, were ineffective. He also worked to minimize the culture clash among foreigners in sharia-dominated Saudi Arabia, such as the high visibility of women in military roles. [50] He also showed a preference of leading from the front and prided himself on avoiding the rear areas, which he called a "cesspool. [142], Schwarzkopf sought to change the relationship between journalists and the military, feeling that the news media's negative portrayal of the Vietnam War had degraded troops there. Former president George H.W. Ricks said that Schwarzkopf was overly cautious in the execution of his plans because of his fear of repeating mistakes in Vietnam, which meant his troops failed to destroy the Iraqi Republican Guard. It really should be part of the overall campaign plan," he said, according to the Associated Press. [121] Schwarzkopf later wrote it would have been a mistake to continue the offensive and capture all of Iraq, noting that the U.S. would likely have had to pay the entire cost of rebuilding the country. General Schwarzkopf’s return to Vietnam more than 20 years after his second combat tour brought him closure—and a mysterious threat of bloodshed. General Schwarzkopf retired from active duty in 1991 and wrote an autobiography entitled, “It Doesn't Take A Hero,” which published in 1992. For his father, the major general and lead investigator in the. General Schwarzkopf was a second-generation West Point graduate. After graduating in 1956 with a degree in engineering, Schwarzkopf later earned a master's degree in the subject from the University of Southern California. [32], During CENTCOM military exercises in July 1990, termed Internal Look '90, Schwarzkopf wrote up a scenario that tested how the command would respond to a regional dictator invading a neighboring country and threatening oilfields there, which closely mirrored the rising tension between Iraq and Kuwait. In some press conferences, he showed and explained advanced war-fighting technology that the U.S. possessed to impress the public. [22] From a young age, Norman wanted to be a military officer, following his father's example. H. Norman Schwarzkopf was born on August 22, 1934, and grew up in Lawrenceville, New Jersey, with his two older sisters, Ruth Ann and Sally. Schwarzkopf retired shortly after the end of the war and undertook a number of philanthropic ventures, only occasionally stepping into the political spotlight before his death from complications of pneumonia. The senior Schwarzkopf later became the founding Superintendent of the New Jersey State Police, where he worked as a lead investigator on the … As he attempted to help the troops back out of the field, one soldier struck a landmine, breaking a leg, and began to panic. Norman Schwarzkopf was born on August 22, 1934 in Trenton, New Jersey, USA as Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. [40] He got his first combat experience on August 3, when he was the senior adviser to a force of 1,000 South Vietnamese paratroopers sent to relieve a beleaguered South Vietnamese Army force at Đức Cơ Camp. From his headquarters in Tampa, Schwarzkopf began planning the operations to defend Saudi Arabia. After a number of initial training programs, Schwarzkopf interrupted a stint as an academy teacher and served in the Vietnam War, first as an adviser to the South Vietnamese Army and then as a battalion commander. Norman Schwarzkopf was born on August 22, 1934 in Trenton, New Jersey, USA as Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. Schwarzkopf supported a number of charities, including children's organizations. In 1968, he attended the Army's Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, completing the course in June 1969. Schwarzkopf then accompanied Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney to meet with Saudi King Fahd to convince him to allow U.S. troops into Saudi Arabia to counter the Iraqi military. His career included commanding forces in Grenada and the Persian Gulf War. His dealings with the press were thus frequent and very personal, and he conducted regular briefings for journalists. When Norman Schwarzkopf was eight years old, his father returned to the military amid World War II. [139] However, in an analysis of the effects of the Gulf War, several historians, including Spencer C. Tucker, contended that Schwarzkopf's ceasefire agreement allowed Iraq to continue to fly armed helicopters, which allowed it to later conduct operations against its Shia Arab and Kurdish populations. [30] His rehabilitation of the 1st Battalion, 6th Infantry stressed survival as well as offense. When he took command during the Gulf War, he sought an entirely different strategy, which was ultimately successful by favoring greater media coverage but subject to strict controls on the battlefield. [30][73][122][136] Historian Rick Atkinson considered Schwarzkopf "the most theatrical American in uniform since Douglas MacArthur. [19] The family moved to Geneva, Switzerland, in 1947, following a new military assignment for Herbert Schwarzkopf. 28 December 12 The commander of the allied forces in the 1991 Gulf war earned the nickname Stormin' Norman. George W. Casey, Jr. 11. And when they get ready to send me again, I'm going to have to stop and ask myself, "is it worth it?" General William Westmoreland later arrived to review the incident and congratulate Schwarzkopf. Norman Rockwell illustrated covers for 'The Saturday Evening Post' for 47 years. Schwarzkopf worked to help coordinate the contributions of the different nations contributing military forces to the effort. William G. Boykin 8. Vincent K. Brooks 9. "[78] With regional turmoil growing, Schwarzkopf became concerned about the threat posed by Saddam Hussein, focusing the attention of his command to prepare to respond to what he thought was a "more realistic scenario." [80], Initially believing that the Iraqi Army would advance only to the Rumailah oil field, Schwarzkopf was surprised when the Iraqis captured Kuwait City. [146] However, several high-profile reports publicized the CENTCOM strategy. The troops called him Stormin’ Norman, but never in earshot of commanding officers, the name given him for his reputed temper; however, the troops had called him that for different reasons.General (4-star) Norman Schwarzkopf was called such a nickname because of his attitude about winning in combat and wars. He was on several occasions encouraged to run for United States Senate or President of the United States as a member of the Republican Party, but showed no interest. He received numerous honors for his handling of this military conflict, including a knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II. [122] He retired from the military in August 1991, moving to Tampa, Florida. At times he can be an overbearing bastard, but not with me. He went to school there and later in Geneva, Switzerland. He became an instant national celebrity and the source of great curiosity by the general public. He was then called to an emergency meeting with US President George H. W. Bush, where his Internal Look '90 strategic plans were made the basis of a potential counteroffensive plan. Schwarzkopf commanded the coalition that drove the Iraqis out, and earned himself the nickname Stormin' Norman for his military success, for his … [121] Queen Elizabeth II honorarily knighted Schwarzkopf and he was awarded many other military accolades from foreign countries. [65] Schwarzkopf was promoted to major general. In July 1959, Schwarzkopf was assigned his first overseas assignment; as a staff officer alternating with duties as a platoon leader, liaison officer, and reconnaissance platoon leader[36] with the 6th Infantry Regiment in West Germany. Commander in Gulf War, Dies at 78", "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement", "Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf Biography Photo", "1993 Salute to Excellence, Stars of today and tomorrow meet in Glacier", United States Army Center for Military History, Barbara Walters Interview with General Schwarzkopf, Coalition commander in the Persian Gulf War, General H. 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[94][95] While planning, Schwarzkopf remained in frequent contact with Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Colin Powell (both Vietnam veterans) concerning Schwarzkopf's plans for the offensive. Schwarzkopf had served as a battalion commander during the war. W.H. Subsequent operations gave more authority to joint commanders in operations and doctrine and emphasized joint warfare doctrine over service-centered doctrine. [121] He felt it was a mistake to send U.S. Army Reserve troops into the country without adequate training. Norman Schwarzkopf in 1991. [39], In the Vietnam War, Schwarzkopf served as a task force adviser to the Army of the Republic of Vietnam Airborne Division. In May 1989, he gave the commencement address at the Valley Forge Military Academy. [16] As a 10-year-old cadet at Bordentown Military Institute, near Trenton, he posed for his official photograph wearing a stern expression because, as he said afterwards, "Some day when I become a general, I want people to know that I'm serious. He was an actor, known for The American President (2000), Brats: Our Journey Home (2006) and The Hidden Wars of Desert Storm (2001). He felt that the potential outcomes of the military action had not been fully considered. He was initially considered for promotion alternatively to General of the Army or to Army Chief of Staff, and was ultimately asked to assume the latter post, but he declined. [72] As a part of his duties during the posting, he sat in on arms reduction talks with leaders from the Soviet Union. Limited in scope. [38] He was required to teach at the Military Academy for three years, but after a year he volunteered for service in South Vietnam for faster career advancement with a combat tour. Following the invasion, Schwarzkopf returned to the 24th Infantry Division and completed his tour as its commander. He commanded the US and coalition military forces during the Persian Gulf War. He died on December 27, 2012 in Tampa, Florida, USA. At the time of the change, the "H." in Schwarzkopf's did not stand for anything. [98] He planned a strategic bombing campaign to precede an offensive into Kuwait,[99] simultaneously striking the forward Iraqi forces and their supply lines. [86] By August 13, the news media began to closely cover Schwarzkopf, who had been named to lead the operation.[1]. A much-decorated combat soldier in Vietnam, Gen Schwarzkopf earned his nickname for a notoriously explosive temper. Initially tasked with defending Saudi Arabia from Iraqi aggression, Schwarzkopf's command eventually grew to an international force of over 750,000 troops. [112][115][116] With this in place, he then began the process of overseeing U.S. troops returning from the conflict. Looking back further, we find the name Schwarzkopf was originally derived from the Old German words "schwartz," meaning "black," and "kopf," meaning "head." [147] After the war, Schwarzkopf was very critical of military analysts who scrutinized his operation, felt that some of them were poorly informed on the factors involved in his planning, and felt that others were violating operations security by revealing too much about how he might plan the operation. [123], In 1992, Schwarzkopf published a memoir, It Doesn't Take a Hero, about his life; it became a bestseller. If that happens, it's inevitably going to be nuclear weapons and the whole thing. [124] Schwarzkopf sold the rights to his memoirs to Bantam Books for $5,000,000. [20] The senior Schwarzkopf visited Italy, Heidelberg, Frankfurt,[21] and Berlin, Germany during his military duties, and the younger Schwarzkopf accompanied him. After the Vietnam War ended, Schwarzkopf stayed in the military and continued to rise up the ranks. [19][39] He was promoted to major shortly after arriving in Vietnam. He died in Florida in December 2012. [10], He attended the Community High School in Tehran, later the International School of Geneva,[23] and briefly Frankfurt American High School, in Frankfurt, Germany (1948–49), and Heidelberg American High School, in Heidelberg, Germany (1949–50). He was assigned as executive officer to the chief of staff at MACV headquarters, based at Tan Son Nhut Air Base in Saigon. By Conal Urquhart, Guardian UK. Susan Y. Desjardins 18. In 1993, Schwarzkopf was found to have prostate cancer, for which he was successfully treated. [59] Schwarzkopf favored the intense press surrounding the Gulf War conflict, feeling that blocking the news media, as had been done in Grenada, would contribute to affect public perception of the war in the United States negatively. [140], In a 2012 book, historian Thomas E. 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